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45iHl(J 


SECOND  ANNIVERSARY   VCRSES. 


[Read  at  the  Birtliday  Celebration  of  IIa]ii)\-  liarrinuin,  in 
the  \V.  C.    r.  U.  Temple,  Friday  cveninii^,  Feb.  26,   1S92.J 

Two  years  !  do  they  doubt  it,  who  visit  us  here  ? 
Does  it  seem  as  if  time  had  stood  still  witli  each  year? 
Has  a  Joshua  bidden  tlie  sun  on  its  way 
Here  to  linger,  and  leave  us  one  marvelous  day 
With  creation's  own  magic  each  moment  to  (ill. 
And  the  gift  of  creation  each  finger  to  thrill, 
Until  into  some  week  full  of  wonder  was  wrought 
Human  hope,  human  faith,  with  Divinity's  thought  ? 

Be  it  so  I   From  the  morn  beyond  Emory's  Heights, 
To  the  evening,  that  glowed  with  her  goUlen  delights 
Through  the  Gap  in  the  west,  what  a  day  was  our  own 
When  our  Joshua  willed  it !     Sure  never  was  known 
Better  service  for  men,  of  obedient  sun  ! 
Look  about  you,  and  see  wliat  creation  has  done 
Where  the  hands  of  the  willing,  the  hearts  of  the  true. 
At  the  breast  of  the  Old  have  been  nursing  the  New  I 

Here  are  homes  where  but  yesterday  nothing  was  built 
Save  the  nests  of  the  birds,  on  the  branches  atilt 
Singing  matins  or  vespers  ;  and  here  on  the  slopes 
There  are  altars  erected,  around  which  the  hoi)es 
Of  glad  households  are  gatliered  ;  here  cliurches  ujjraise 
To  the  blue  sky  above  us  their  elo<|uent  praise  ; 
And  the  work  of  creation  goes  on  with  a  will, 
As  with  hope  and  with  faith  marry  courage  and  skill. 
4 


Ky  till-  jjIcMin  of  our  forjjc-s  arc  muscles  of  steel 

Beating  iron  to  gold  ;  the  great  steam  hammers  deal 

Their  unwearying  blows  on  the  masses  below, 

Till  in  beauty  transformed,  as  in  value,  they  glow  ; 

From  our  furnaces  molten  the  liquid  flames  run. 

As  if  here  Tubal  Cain  his  profession  begun  ; 

In  the  mills  and  tin-  factories  l-al>or's  delij^ht 

Is  with  muscle  and  br:iin  to  make  gl<>ry  of   might  ! 

Is  it  only  two  years?  or  is  time  but  a  cheat. 

And  are  we  here  assembled  to  help  his  deceit  ? 

Do  we  DREAM  tiiat  so  late  we  were  bohl  pioneers 

Wiiere  a  city  thus  active,  progressive  appears? 

Krom  the  corn-fields  that  blazoned  their  blades  in  the  sun. 

Have  our  faith  and  our  works  a  great  victory  won? 

Is  it  true  that  our  liomes  in  their  beauty  have  sprung 

From  the  forest  that  sheltered  the  birds  while  they  sung? 

Be  your  answer  to-night   "It  is  true!   It  is  true  ! 

At  the  breast  of  the  OKI  we  have  nourished  the  New  ! 

From  till-  Fast  and  the  West  and  the  North  we  have  come 

To  be  rid  of  the  wreck  and  the  ruin  of  rum  ; 

Where  the  Fmory  sings  on  its  way  to  the  sea 

We  iiave  come  from  its  curses  our  children  to  free  ; 

Hy  the  hojie  of  our  hearts,  and  the  help  of  our  hands, 

In  its  beauty  and  strength  lla]>py  Ilarriman  stands, 

A  surprise,  a  deiii^ht.  i\\  the  fairest  of  lands'.  " 


GENERAL  CLINTON   B.   FISK. 


HARRIMAN. 


ITS    HISTORY    AND   TOPOGRAPHY. 


PioNKKKs'  Day,  February  26,  1892, — the  Second  Anniversary 
of  Ilarrinian  !  A  fit  occasion,  indeed,  for  putting  to  press 
tliis  |)aini)hlct  which  tells,  with  all  the  exactness  of  photog- 
raphy, what  things  have  been  ch)ne,  in  the  short  space  of 
two  years,  where  before  that  were  only  the  cornfields  and 
timber  of  an  old  jdantation. 

Twenty-four  months  of  active  effort, — less  than  that,  to 
be  jirecise,  so  far  as  permanent  building  at  Harriman  has 
gone.  When  the  Great  .""'ale  occurretl,  which  publicly  in- 
augurated the  town,  building  conditions  were  temporary, 
on  the  Hat  land  near  that  old  farm-house  of  Col.  R.  K.  Hyrd 
which  formed  the  nucleus.  Scores  of  "shacks"  went  up 
there  like  magic,  in  the  rain  and  mud,  just  before  the  sale 
opened,  and  scores  more  followed  through  the  spring  and 
summer  succeeding,  until  "Shacktown"  numbered  over  a 
thousanil  souls.  Then  in  September  it  was  abandoned  for 
the  higher  ground  near  by.  where  snug  homes  ami  more 
costly  business  blocks  had  been  taking  shajic,  though  these 
<Iid  not  actively  jirogress,  to  anv  consiilerable  extent,  until 
two  or  three  months  after  tlie  sale. 

7 


V 

1 


The  three  days  of  that  sale  will  he  f«)rever  meiiKirable 
among  Harrinian  pioneers,  antl  on  the  records  of  lot  selling" 
wherever  kept.  Less  than  600  lots  for  over  $600,000 — whO' 
would  believe  it?  Three  thousand  men.  from  fifteen  States, 
wild  to  get  lots  at  any  price,  liundreils  of  them  having 
waited  their  chance  for  days,  in  mud  and  rain  ami  misery, 
— who  would  credit  such  eagerness.''  What  caused  it.'  By 
what  persuasive  art  had  they  been  allured  from  the  estab- 
lished cities  and  towns  of  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  Ohio,  and 
a  dozen  other  States,  and  imbued  with  a  sublime  faith  in 
their  fellows,  in  the  new  town  site  where  lots  were  offered, 
in  the  city  that  here  should  rise? 

ITS  LOCATION. 

At  Big  Kmory  (iap.  in  Roane  County,  Tennessee,  where 
the  Kmory  river  breaks  its  way  through  Walden's  Kiilgc, 
after  its  ra]»id  descent  from  the  Cumberland  Plateau,  it  was^ 
ordained  by  nature  that  a  town  should  be.  Col.  Byrd,  who 
here  held  large  ownership  of  land,  always  thus  insisted, 
and  died  firm  in  such  faith.  ik-re.  with  coal  close  at  hand 
on  the  west  an<l  on  the  north.  an<l  with  iron  near  by  on  the 
cast  and  within  ten  miles  to  the  south,  there  was  every 
essential  condition  for  the  establishment  of  a  city  with  the 
purest  water  supi>ly,  the  best  natural  ilrainage,  picturcsijue 
surroundings,  admirable  climate.  And  here  the  Kast  Tenn- 
essee I. and  Com|>any  locatnl  liarriman.  within  a  crescent 
formed  by  the  Kmory  river,  between  the  Cincinnati  St)uthern 
Railway  on  the  west  and  the  Walden's  Ridge  division  of  the 
East  Tennessee,  \'irgiiiia  aiul  ( ieorgia  Railway  on  the  north: 
fifty  miles  west  of  Kno.xville.  via  this  latter  line;  eighty 
miles  north  of  Chattanooga,  and  255  miles  south  of  Cin- 
ciimati.   via  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railway. 

In  this  favored  s|>ot.  in  a  State  largely  defended  from 
saloon  influences  by  the  Kour-mile  Kaw.  certain  well-known 


advocates  of  IVohibition  had  resolved  on  creating  an  in- 
dustrial town,  where  lahor  should  have  its  own.  where 
h«»ines  and  churches  and  schools  niitcht  tind  their  hijjhest 
chance,  free  from  the  li(|uor  trallic.  Chief  among  these  men 
determineil  on  combining  a  great  moral  and  economic 
principle  with  an  extensive  commercial  enterprise,  for  its 
clear  denionstration  and  for  the  best  industrial  results,  was 
General  (.linton  U.  Kisk,  who  had  been  the  I*rohil»ition  can- 
didate ft)r  President  in  18SK.  and  whose  military  service  in 
Tennessee,  as  Freedmen's  C'ommissit)ner  in  command  of  the 
entire  State  at  the  close  of  the  war.  had  given  him  a  strong 
hold  upon  its  people,  ami  a  high   opini<»n   of  its  advantages 

and  its  future. 

ITS  NO-SALOON   BASIS. 

With  Ids  colleagues  (k-neral  Kisk  agreed  that  Kast  Tenn- 
essee offereil  favorable  conditions  for  town  building,  of  the 
sort  in  which  they  believed:  that  from  all  the  wide  acreage 
they  had  accpiireil  within  it  the  litpior  trafHc  should  be 
banned  forever,  by  provision  of  title  deed  ;  and  that  the  city 
they  should  establish  must  become  an  object  lcss«>n  for 
thrift,  sobriety,  superior  intelligence,  and  exalted  moral 
character.  In  the  C'ompanys  by-laws,  adopted  by  them. 
Section    1  of  .\rticle  IXdeclareti: 

Kvery  contract,  deed  or  other  conveyance  or  lease  oi  real 
estate  by  the  Company,  shall  contain  a  provisi«)n  forbidding 
the  use  of  the  pro|)city,  or  any  building  thereon,  for  the 
j)urpose  of  nu'iking.  storing  or  selling  into.xicating  beverages 
as  such. 

Hesides  its  enormous  purchases  of  c«ial  and  agricultural 
lan«ls  upon  the  Cumberlan«l  IMateau.  ami  of  iron  properties 
down  the  Tennessee  river,  the  Kast  Tennessee  I.aml  Com- 
pany had  secureil  over  10.000  acres  of  b<itton^  and  ridge 
lamls  at  and  east  of  Kinory  (Jap;  and  a  p«»rtion  of  the  town 
siti-  aiTiirdi-dbv  tlu-M-    xtaKcd   <»iit    011   ('liri>tina>    l>av.    I>^>>u. 


was  surveyed  and  mapped  in  February,  1890.  Some  street 
improvements  were  lieL,''ini,  a  tew  rouj^h  l)oard  huildinofs 
were  put  uj),  and  on  the  26th  day  of  thai  inontli,  in  tliat 
year,  Harriman  was  formally  inaui^uraU'd  \>y  a  public 
auction  sale  of  lots,  which  CDntiuued  a  portion  of  two  days 
thereafter. 

ITS   OPENING   SALE. 

The  weather  had  been  execrable,  for  it  was  "the  rainy 
season,"  with  more  storms  than  customary;  the  accommo- 
dations were  worse ;  but  the  crowd  came,  nothinji^  could 
dampen  its  ardor,  and  574  lots  were  sold  for  $604,000.  The 
Company  did  not  seek  any  such  "boom,"  and  sturdily 
opposed  it,  both  before  and  after  the  biddinj^  bey^an.  The 
auctioneer  was  literally  compelled  by  the  Company's  manage- 
ment to  knock  down  lots  to  the  lowest  bidder  in  many  cases. 
But  faith  in  the  Company's  character,  and  confidence  in  the 
location  of  the  town,  createil  enthusiasm  vmmatched  at  any 
jniblic  sale  till  this,  and  indicative  of  the  svn-])risinj^^  t^n-owth 
which  was  to  follow.  At  the  recpiest  of  a  committee  of 
buyers,  before  the  sale  opened,  the  Company  waived  all 
buildini^  and  other  conditions,  and  conse(iuently  willxlrew 
all  specific  jiledges.  "We  are  going  to  build  Harriman," 
said  Gen.  Fisk,  the  Company's  President.  He  was  giving 
his  best  thought  and  effort  to  this  end,  when  in  the  July 
following  he  died. 

On  the  7th  of  February,  1891,  Harriman  was  incor])orated 
as  a  city,  by  special  enactment  of  the  State  Legislature, 
approved  by  the  Governor  March  6th,  ensuing.  Having 
adopted  their  special  charter,  by  an  almost  unanimous 
popular  vote,  on  the  2d  of  June  thereafter  the  City  Gov- 
ernment was  chosen  by  the  citizens  at  a  special  election 
where  736  votes  were  cast,  twelve  of  them  by  ladies,  as- 
serting their  right  of  suffrage   under  a  general   State   law, 


w'liich   c'\  crylxxly   outsitk-   of   IlarriiiKui   ha<l   lorj^otten,  and 
because  of  a  special  condition  wliicli  tlie  charter  contains. 

The  census  of  iSyo  credited  llarrinian  with  719  popu- 
lation. In  December.  i8yi,  the  lirst  city  directory  was 
compiled,  and  its  compiler  took  a  house-to-house  enumera- 
tion which  showed  3,672  residents,  not  countinj:^  the  miners' 
tamilies  opposite.  .\t  this  date  the  residi-nts  iniinli.T  not 
less  than  4,000. 

ITS  APPEARANCE  FROM   POINTS   AROUND. 

It  is  im|)ossil)le  on  this  page  to  slu>w  the  city  ^ite  as  it 
appeared  two  years  ai^o.  The  net^ative  of  the  only  photo- 
graph then  taken  of  it  has  been  destroyed ;  and  the  engrav- 
ing reproduced  from  the  negative,  with  other  valuable  illus- 
trations referring  to  Ilarriman's  lirst  year,  went  to  ruin  in 
the  Park  Place  disaster  at  Xew  York  last  fall.  It  was  a 
good  view  of  the  town  site,  as  the  pamphlet  "One  Year  of 
Harriman"  attested,  showing  a  ]iart  of  the  great  bend  in 
the  Emory  River  sweeping  half  way  around  it,  and  outlin- 
ing as  a  background  the  pictures(|ue  Emory  Heights  bevond. 
It  was  a  view  from  Walden's  Ridge  below  Emory  Gap.  and 
above  the  Hyrd  coal  mine  ;  a  \  iew  tVoni  the  same  direction 
(west),  and  from  the  same  point,  as  that  which  follows,  but 
from  a  higher  uplift,  and  with  the  camera  set  for  a  wider 
held.  In  the  picture  now  shown  there  are  preserve«l  a  few 
long  ••shacks"  in  the  center  foreground,  near  which,  on 
their  right,  stands  the  Hyrd  mansion,  utilized  as  the  office  of 
the  East  Tennessei-  Land  Comiiany  the  lirst  si.x  months, — a 
S(]uare,  respectable  jilantation  house  of  the  okl  regime, 
occu|)ied  forty  years  by  Col.  Hyrd  ;  from  which  he  was 
buried  in  18S5,  and  where  his  widow  remained  until  the 
East  Tennessee  Land  Company  purchaseil  her  lands,  then 
removing  to  Kingston,  from  which  place  she  has  ne\  er  re- 
turned to  behold  the  translorniation. 

"3 


Half  .1  mile  t<>  the  left,  as  you  look  at  the  Byrd  mansion 
in  the  eni^ravinLj  now  spoken  of.  ami  out  of  the  ranjje  of 
view,  stantls  an  apoloj^v  tor  another  farm-house,  or  the 
relic  of  another — the  old  .Marj^rave  place.  It  is  reputed  to 
be  more  than  eii^hty  years  old.  It  was  the  lirst  residence  of 
which  we  have  knowledi^e  on  the  site  of  Harriman — a  log 
house  orii^nnallv.  as  one  end  of  the  structure  shows,  with 
one  portion   of  it   more  pretentious  at  some  later  timj.  ami 


THE  OLD  BYRD  MANSION. 

between  its  two  parts  a  huj^^e  chimney,  before  whose  fire- 
place of  unconunon  breadth  local  trailition  says  that  Cien. 
Jackson  sat  many  times  when  journeyint^  with  his  coach- 
and-four  from  the  1  lermitai^^e  to  W'ashinijton.  XN'itliin  its 
walls  a  ( lovernor   was   born,  tradition   t'urther  says;   and   at 


the  birth  of  Harrinian.  as  more 
autlientic  statements  as^rce,  fif- 
C^jJl    t^cn  men  found  sleep  and  slicl- 
'''  ter    in    its    h)W   attic  cliamhcr 

alone,  through  the  m'g-hts  of  the  great  sale.  Our  engra\ing 
faithfully  portrays  its  forlorn  state  of  age  and  disrepair.  It 
now  awaits  inevitable  dissolution,  on  Margrave  street — one 
of  the  tinest  avenues  Harriman  can  boast — hidden,  except 
on  near  approach,  by  several  of  the  best  houses  thus  far 
built,  consjiicuous  among  them  being  the  liandsome  old- 
colonial  residence  of  Mr.  Walter  C.  Harriman.  So  long  as 
the  Margrave  relic  is  preserved,  the  old  and  the  new,  on 
Margrave  street,  are  in  striking  contrast. 

From    a    point    on    the    lower    slojie    of    Walden's    Ridge, 
northeast   of   Emory   Gaj).    and    back   of  the   old   Margrave 

16 


RESIDENCE  OF  WALTER  C.   HARRIMAN,  MARGRAVE  STREET. 

place,  was  olitaincd  the  view  reprotlucccl  on  the  followinjc 
pai^'^e.  From  it  a  fair  impression  is  ileriveil  of  one  side  of 
the  town  only,  for  four  distinct  views  are  necessarv  to  jjive 
a  correct  idea  of  the  whole.  I'his  view  is  lookini;  almost 
due  southeast,  and  clearly  traces  Queen  and  W'alden  streets, 
which,  like  Crescent.  \'ir,i,'inia,  (Jeorg^ia  and  Tennessee 
streets,  on  the  east,  or  left,  and  Mor<.,'an  and  Carter  on  the 
rii^ht,  make  directly  toward  tiie  river,  this  side  the  heights 
that  l)«)und  the  near  horizon.  Before  they  reach  the  Kinory. 
the  streets  u]»  which  you  look  surmount  a  riilge  that  lifts 
longitudinally  across  the  town,  as  to  its  original  platted 
l)ortion,  rising  to  a  height  of  ])erhaps  loo  feet  above  the  river 
banks,  and  swee]>ing  gracefully  down  on  either  hand. 

SOMK  CONSPICUOUS   FKATURES   BEHELD. 
Crowning  this  uplift,  along  the  crest  of  which  runs  Cum- 
berland   street,    at    right    angles    with    Queen    ami    Walden 
streets   up   which   you   have  been   looking,    is  the  beautiful 

'7 


^"m^ 


'^ 


THE  CENTRAL  SCHOOL  BUILDING. 


Fisk  Turk,  heavily  timbered,  as  was  the  entire  ridge  before 
these  streets  ran  throuR^h.  Facinj^^  it.  on  Cumberland,  stands 
the  Universalist  Churcli.  now  ncarinj^  completion,  and  thus 
far  the  most  costly  ami  clfi^'uiit  church  edifice  erected — 
thanks  to  the  liberality  ol'  Kcnlinand  Schumacher  (whose 
great  (jatmcal  mills  at  Akron,  <)..  have  given  iVirtune  to  him- 
self and  <^(»t»d  health  to  his  j>atrons)  and  the  active  effort  of 
young  peoples  societies  in  the  Universalist  denomination 
throughout  many  States.  As  completed,  it  is  to  be  a  unitpie 
specimen  of  temple  architecture,  with  combination  front  of 
brick  and  wood  ;  lari^e  catheilral  win<lows  of  stained  glass, 
in  rich  tlesigns  ;  all  the  interior  comf«)rts  of  a  church  home, 
and  commanding  from  its  low  tower  a  prospect  of  remark- 
able beauty  and  breadth.  This  tower  will  be  a  favorite 
outlook  of  visitors  who  lack  time  for  a  ritle  on  to  Waldens 
Ridge,  u|)  which,  from  Margrave  street,  a  winding  carriage 
drive  is  nearly  tlnished.  and  along  which  the  views  are 
magniticent  bfvond  words,  with  liappv  Il:irrini;in  aluavs  at 
your  feet. 

After  the  church  menli«)ncd,  the  mo^l  cons|)icuous  buiKl- 
ing  upon  the  ridge  which  it  crowns  is  the  Central  School, 
erecteil  and  furnished  by  the  Land  Company  at  a  cost  of 
$6,000,  antl  openeil  with  a  full  corps  of  teachers,  under  a 
carefully  graded  system,  in  September,  1890.  This  school, 
and  an  <»utlying  auxiliary  to  it,  were  maintained  by  the 
Land  Company  at  its  o'vn  expense  throughout  the  first 
school  year  ;  and  as  the  city  can  have  no  t'unds  available 
from  taxation,  for  school  purposes,  until  next  fall,  the  Com- 
pany is  generously  ilefraying  the  entire  cost  of  the  school 
system  throughout  this  secon«l  school  year  also,  there  being 
eleven  teaclurs  employed,  with  IVof.  W.  I).  McKarland  as 
Principal. 

TocompKt'  -■•■Nation  of  Il.-irrim.-m.  from  the  com- 

31 


niaiidiiig'  (.'UiiiKMiccs  rouiitl  iibout.  ami  to  forni  an  accurate 
idea  of  its  topography  and  cm  iioiinu-nt,  one  shoukl  cross 
the  Emory,  and  view  the  town  site  from   the  south,  h)oking 

toward  W'alden's 
\i<1l;c  u])()n  the  west 
and  north.  Crossing 
is  made  by  either  of 
iwo  ferries,  the  one 
;it  the  Rolling  Mill. 
Ill-  the  Ih'rd   Ferr\',  a 


mile      al)t)ve.         The 

town  side    approae'^ 

to  the  latter  is  ne  : 

the    Byrd    mansio 

and  in  the  summer  i-^ 

a  romantic  spot,  canopietl  hy  overhanging  boughs  wliich 
bend  across  the  roadway,  and  partially  walled  in  by  the  ex- 
posed roots  of  gnarled  and  rugged  trees.  An  artist  here  would 
revel   in  the  effects  of  water  and   wood,  of  light  and  shade 

22 


and  color  wluch  abouiul,  and  wliich  range  the  whole  kaleid- 
oscopic variety  of  the  seasons.  ( )ur  cnj^ravin^^  hints  of  these, 
and  of  the  lloral  hcauties  ami  woodlantl  pleasures  which 
may  l)c  ft)inid  aioni,'-  I'.niory  Ilcij^hts  when  spring  ap- 
pears. 

ACROSS  THK   RIVER. 

A  nuissive  |»ilc  of  rock  uprears  itself  close  to  the  river's 
brink  about  midway  of  the  wide  crescent  which  the  heights 
describe,  and  offers  lofty  outlook.  It  is  easily  reached  on 
horseback,  and  trom  its  dome  a  fascinating  panorama  is  per- 
scnted  of  the  rolling  city  site,  of  its  hundreds  of  tasteful 
homes,  ofthegreen  river's  current  below,  and  of  the  encircling 
ridge  opposite,  which  folils  the  valley  in  like  an  arm  with 
the  elbow  gone.  Where  was  the  elbow  once,  the  (Jap  now  is, 
a  picturesipie  break  in  a  beautiful  mountain  chain.  Looking 
down  stream  to  the  right,  one  sees  the  Rolling  Mills,  smaller 
in  appearance  than  would  be  supposed,  because  so  far  below, 
and  catches  glimpses  through  their  clouds  of  smoke  of  Wal- 
ni;t  Hills  addition  farther  on  in  the  same  direct  line  ;  turning 
to  the  left.  «»ne's  upwanl  sweej)  of  vision  takes  in  a  part 
of  the  towns  manufacturing  portion,  with  its  Belt  Line  Kail- 
way  and  l".mory  street,  which  parallel  the  river,  and  ling- 
ers finally  ujxui  the  distant  ridge,  south  of  the  Clap,  where  sky 
and  moiintains  meet. 

EXTENT  OF  THK  TOWN  SITK. 
The  first  platted  portion  of  Ilarriman  contained  about  343 
acres,  not  counting  in  a  wide  area  next  the  river,  reserved 
for  railway,  factory  and  other  purposes,  lying  entirely  within 
the  river's  upper  bend.  In  May,  1890,  an  addition  was  plat- 
ted one  mile  east,  for  the  special  accomm«»tlation  of  work- 
ingmen  who  could  not  afford  such  prices  as  had  been  for  a 
time  establishetl  by  the  auction  sale,  and  one  hundred  neat 
houses  were  there  built  ami  occupied  that  year.     It  is  known 


as  Walnut  Hills  Addition,  and  forms  a  thriving  suburb  of  the 
city  proper,  of  which  it  is  a  corporate  part.  It  has  a  school 
and  a  church,  and  numbers  over  600  population.  Oak  ^'iew 
Addition  joins  it,  nearer  the  ridge,  where  colored  residents 
have  grouped  themselves,  with  their  own  churches  and 
schools  ;  and  approaching  this,  from  the  west,  comes  Riilge 
View  Addition,  platted  last  fall,  along  the  lower  slopes  of  Wal- 
den's  Ridge  for  nearly  a  mile  beginning  at  the  Gap,  upon  which 
are  many  of  the  finest  villa  sites  the  whole  town  allords. 

Fisk  Addition,  now  being  platted  by  the  Land  Company  as 
this  pamphlet  goes  to  press,  lies  within  the  lower  bend  of  the 
Emory,  or  what  is  called  the  second  Oxbow,  and  below  Wal- 
nut Hills.  It  is  even  more  beautiful  for  situation  than  the 
part  of  Harriman  first  platted,  and  it  will  sot)n  have,  no 
doubt,  all  the  facilities  which  there  in  so  short  a  time  have 
been  established.  The  Belt  Line  Railway  is  being  extended  to 
it,  and  some  of  the  best  new  industries,  including  the  blast 
furnace  and  a  large  furniture  factory,  will  be  located  there. 
From  various  parts  of  it  the  views  are  magnificent  in  all  di- 
rections, but  particularly  up  Little  Emory  Gap  to  the  Little 
Brushy  and  the  Big  Brushy  mountains,  lifting  their  summits 
royally  far  beyond. 

Long  before  Harriman  has  the  50,000  ]ieople  which  are  an- 
ticipated, these  two  portions  of  the  town  will  have  grown 
together,  with  a  blast  furnace  and  other  internicdiate  indus- 
tries linking  them  like  the  ligature  of  the  Siamese  Twins. 
The  two  oxbows  of  the  Emory  are  twins  indeed,  and  the 
several  thousand  acres  of  level  and  rolling  lands  which  they 
comprise  will  furnish  room  for  a  half  million  inhabitants 
without  crowding.  And  along  their  water  frontage,  beside 
the  Belt  Line  also,  can  inilustries  enough  be  planted  to  su])- 
port  them  all.  Thus  far  the  portions  of  Harriman  actually 
platted  do  not  exceed  1,600  acres. 

26 


iCEN'RY    NtAH    HAFIHIMAN.   UP  CLIFTY  CREEK. 


In  iluc  time  the  central  thnroui^hfare  of  Harrinian  will  be 
Roane  street,  a  view  down  which  is  herewith  slu)wn — Roane 
street,  until  near  Walnut  Hills  Addition,  then  Roane  ave- 
nue on  to  Fisk  Adtlition.  This  thoroui^hfarc,  commenc- 
ing at  the  western  etli^e  of  town,  will  apjiroximate  three 
miles  in  lensfth  :   and  with    I'.morv  street  w  indin;/  arounil  on 


WALNUT  HILLS  ADDITION— FROM   THE  WEST. 

the  south,  and  .Margrave  and  .^cxicr  streets  sweejiini;-  par- 
tially around  upon  the  north,  it  will  furnish  a  splemlid  drive, 
surpassed  only  by  that  magnificent  boulevard  soon  to  line 
the  crest  of  Walden's  Ridge,  or  the  jark-like  roadways  that 
will  one  day  wind  along  Emory  Heights.  The  extension  of 
Roane  avenue  is  now  being  made  ]  ast  Walnut  Hills. 


28 


.  r-  - 

^^^^^L 

^^pRHp 

» 

t 

r   •■ 
>  ■ 

S 

A.  W.  WAGNALLS. 


ITS   HOMES   AND   HELPS. 


CHARACTER     AND     RESIDENCES. 


Kroiii  its  roally  ])erniancnt  bes^imuni;.  the  Immcs  ot  Harri- 
man  have  I>clmi  characterizeil  l>y  unusual  comfort,  good 
taste  and  evident  lixity  «)f  home  life.  They  betoken  a  com- 
munity of  superior  refinement  and  of  ahidini^  (juality.  They 
show  that  their  builders  came  here  to  live  and  not  merely 
to  stay  awhile.  I'.very  visitor  comments  upon  their  evidence 
of  a  ]H'Culiar  hnme-huiUin}^  spirit,  which  guarantees  the 
future.  It  lias  been  said  that  there  are  more  residences  in 
Ilarriman  costing  from  S3.000  to  $10,000  each  than  any 
other  town  of  its  age  and  size  has  ever  shown.  It  is  im- 
possible for  us  to  portrav  even  one  in  ten  of  the  houses  that 
have  been  erected  which  are  uncommon  for  their  archi- 
tectural beauty,  as  well  as  their  cost,  in  cities  of  small  size, 
and  which  havt-  never  been  matched,  perhaps,  in  any  town 
oidy  two  years  ohl.  Several  of  the  early  residences  were 
ilhistratetl  in  oiir  first  anniversarv  jiamphlet,  and  cnrniot  be 
reproducetl  here. 

The  old-colonial  style  house  ot  Mr.  W  alter  ^  .  ii,i;riinan 
(in  mem«)ry  of  wh«)se  father,  deneral  Walter  Harriman.  the 


town  was  named)  has  been  shown  on  a  former  ])a!^c.  ( )ne 
of  the  accom]ianyin5j;  interior  views  will  show  the  tire-])lace 
in  the  hall  of  it,  whieh  nii<^ht  well  l«e  contrasted  with  the 
fire-place  in  the  old  Marij:rave  hovise  near  hy.  (Jther  hand- 
some houses  arc  ncarinj^  completion  on  the  same  street,  and 
mark  that  portion  of  the  town  as  a  favorite  jilace  of  resi- 


HALLWAY,   RESIDENCE  OF  W.   C.   HARRIMAN. 

dcnce.  One  year  aj^^o  .Mary^rave  street  existed  only  on  ])aper. 
In  one  year  more  it  will  be  a  delightful  avenue  of  charming' 
homes. 

Cuml)crland  street,  as  has  been  stated,  tra\'erses  the  crest 


FREDERICK  GATES. 


HALLWAY,    RESIDENCE  OF   FREDERICK   GATES. 

of  the  high  ridge  which  runs  across  the  town,  and  u])on 
this  street  are  many  residences  of  an  ex'celient  ckiss,  a  row 
of  which  are  shown  on  the  o]>])osite  page.  At  the  eastern 
end  of  this  street  where  the  ridge  sh)pes  down  soniewliat 
abruptly  toward  the  river,  and  where  the  street  itself  iner- 
sects  Emory  street,  which  half  encircles  the  town,  stands 
the  elegant  home  of  'Sir.  Frederick  Crates,  in  whose  hrain 
Harriman  was  conceived.  Mr.  Gates  is  the  Second  Vice- 
President  of  the  Kast  Teimessee  Land  Company,  and  the 
President  of  the  Cumberland  Plateau  Improvement  Com- 
pany, recently  organized  as  au.viliary  thereto,  and  his  home 
commands  a  splendid  jirosjiect  of  the  city,  or  large  ]iortions 
of  it.  which  he  and  his  colleagues  have  established.  Its 
location  was  known  in  tlu-  rarl\-  (la\-s  of  Harriman  as 
"Cornstalk  Heights."  l-'rom  the  broad  verandas  of  the 
house  a  gootl  view  of  the  binding  river  is  had;  of  Walnut 
Hills,  the  pretty  sulnirb  on  the  northeast:  and  of  W'aldens 
Riilge  and   F.mory  Caji  on  the  north  and  west.      'J"he  hall  of 


INTf  RI0R5,  RESIDENCE  OF  W.  B.  WINSLOW. 


451  HI  r» 


PARLOR,  IN   RESIDENCE  OF  W.  B.  WINSLOW. 


■y^^lNafe^C^^^a^l^/        J 


RESIDENCE  OF  S.  K.   PAIGE. 


this  residence  is  one  of  its  most  noticealtle  features  within. 
Upon  the  same  street,  only  two  l)U)cks  away,  is  the  home 
of  Mr.  W.  i;.  W'inslow,  of  the  well-known  firm  of  Winslow 
&.  Anderson,  the  externals  of  which,  as  in  so  many  cases  of 
which  Ilarriman  can  boast,  indicate  a  refinement  of  taste, 
and  a  ])ermanence  of  location,  very  marked  indeed.  Insitle 
this  residence  such  refinement  further  asserts  itself,  and  in 
the  elej^aut   furnishinj^  and   in   the  general    appearance    of 


RESIDENCE  OF  JUDot  C    W.  NOTllNCHAM. 

culture  and  comfort  happily  comhinetl.  so  admirably  shown 
in  the  extpiisite  en}^Ta\  ini^s  we  give.  Still  another  Cumber- 
land street  honu-.  not  \et  (|uite  linished,  an«l  awaiting  occu- 
pancy, is  tile  residence  of  Mr.  .^.  K.  Paii^^e,  President  of  the 
Paige  Manufacturing  Company,  which  vies  with  that  of  Mr. 
Gates,  at  the  opposite  enil  of  the  street,  in  costliness  and 
architectural  design.  l*"rom  this,  as  from  all  the  residence 
sites  in  that  part  of  town,  a  magnificent  view  of  i'.mory  Ciap 

.>9 


'??r'ir:^ 


RESIDENCE  OF  DAVID  GIBSON,  WALDEN   STREET. 


is  lunl,   with  much  of  the  town   sprcati  out   hL'h)W   you   upon 
the  lower  shapes. 

The  resilience  (j1  Mr.  W.  11.  Russell,  General  .Mana-ei  d 
the  Kast  Tennessee  Land  Com)  any.  is  on  this  street,  and  is 
one  of  the  block  of  houses  shown  on  a  former  page.  This 
was,  perhai)s.  the  tirst  h«Kise  erected  on  the  street.  Of  its 
hos|)itality  niany  visitors  to  Ilarriman  can  attest. 

The  home  of  C.  \V.  Nottini;ham^,Ksq.,  City  Judge,  is  oi 
Clinton  street,  which   for  a  larj.,'e  part  of  its  lenj^th  is  now 
well  huilt  up  in  tasteful  fashion,  its  liaises  showing  a  wide 
degree  of  variety  in  style,  and  all  commanding  a  tine  outlook. 

Mr.  David  Gibson,  of  the  (Jih.son  Agricultural  Works,  is 
just  com|)letinga  house  on  Walden  . Street,  with  uni<pie  front, 
ami  ot   general  design  very  pleasing. 


A 


TYUCAL  COTTAGES  OF  AHTlSANJj. 

hven  the  homes  of  the  cheapest  class,  such  a>  abound  in 
the  manufacturing  district,  w\)o\\  Clifty,  Sewanee,  Carter, 
Emory,  and  other  streets,  are  noteworthy  for  their  neatness, 

41 


and  their  g-eneral  averag^e  as  above  homes  of  a  simihir  class 
in  other  manufacturing-  places.  We  give  an  illustration  of 
two  houses  typical  of  the  rest,  though  hundreds  are  superior 
to  these  in  size  and  cost. 

LEADING    TRIBUTARY    CORPORATIONS. 
The   helps    of    llarrimau    arc    numerous    and    worthv    of 
special    attention.      Fitly    classed    with   these,    and    from    a 
material  standpoint  ranking  at  the  head,    is  the  East  Tenn- 


^illlllllllliul 


\ 


THE  DENNY  AND  BURR   BLOCK,  CORNER   ROANE  AND  CRESCENT  STREET. 

essee  Land  Company,  which  inaugurated  the  town.  It  was 
organized  in  June,  1889,  by  General  Clinton  B.  Fisk  and  a 
number  of  other  gentlemen  of  wide  reputation,  either  as 
reformers  or  in  the  business  world.  Its  plans  for  Harriman 
were  very  broad,  and  its  achievements  have  been  very  great. 
It  is  perhaps  the  only  company  engaged  in  a  great  South- 

42 


ern  enterprise  w  hieli  weathereil  tlie  liuancial  oondilioiis  of 
1S91,  and  ke]it  its  alfairs  nioviuii:  steadily  forwartl.  Its  ex- 
penditures in  Harrinian  for  street  improvements,  for  railway 
facilities,  for  industries,  and  otherwise  for  the  lienetit  of  the 
place,  have  been  enormous.  With  an  authorized  ea])ital  of 
5^^.000,000.  it  sold  <2.ooo.oro  of  its  capital  stock  at  par.  and 


EXPOSITION   BUILDING. 

then  issued  bonds  in  place  of  selliiii^-  the  third  million  to  that 
amount-  Its  President  is  A.  W.  Waj^^nalls,  of  the  well- 
known  ])ublishin!^  tirm  of  Funk  A:  Wag^nalls,  New  ^'ork  City. 
Subsidiary  to  the  East  Tennessee  Land  Conipanw  as  a 
permanent  hel]i  to  Ilarriman.  is  the  l-'.ast    Tennessee   Mining 

44 


^. 


\ 


J^-.-. 


^'m:\ 


(? 


.c 


i 


g 


4 


\v 


^■N^ 


\ 


SMITH   &   LAKE   BLOCK,  CORNER   ROANE  AND  CRESCENT- 

Company,  organized  in  Scplcnibcr,  iSyi,  to  whicli  were 
leased  all  the  coal  ami  iron  jirojierties  of  the  Land  Conijmny 
in  the  neighborhood  of  llarrinian,  and  \>y  which  will  its 
raw  material,  in  coal,  coke  and  iron  ore,  be  supplied.  Its 
authorized  cai)ital  stock  is  Si,(joo,ooo.  It  is  ojierating  the 
Tennessee  Ri\er  Iron  Mines,  about  ten  miles  from  Ilarri- 
man.  of  which  there  are  three,  yielding  a  monthly  out])ut 
of  several  thousaiul  tons:   a   mine  just    ojiened    within    the 

46 


W.   H.   RUSSELL 


city  s  limits,  tVoiii  which  ore  is  suppliid  ti>  the  Loolcout 
Rolling  Mills;  ami  the  Hyrd  Coal  Mine,  antl  the  coke  ovens 
in  connection  therewith.  tVoin  which  llarrinian  has  drawn 
most  of  her  fuel  uj)  to  this  lime.  A  second  coal  mine  has 
been  just  opened  on  the  town  side  of  the  river  in  W'aldens 
Ridg^c.  which  will  double  the  coal  sujiply. 

The  otihce  l)uildin<j  of  the  Fast  Tennessee  Land  COmpany 
is  a  substantial  brick  ruid  stone  structure,  erected  upon  a 
square  reserved  for  ]>ul)lic  buildings,  and  l)oundedby  Roane, 
Walden,  Morgan  and  Trenton  streets.  The  four  Norman 
towers  of  the  office  building  give  it  a  peculiar  apjiearance  of 
grace  ami  strength  combined.  It  is  ])r()nounced  the  tinest 
building  of  any  kind  in  Roane  county,  and  the  finest  jirivate 
oflice  building  in  the  State.  It  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about 
$26,000,  being  completed  in  August.  iSyi.  In  this  building 
are  grouped  the  various  offices  of  the  Land  C'om])any,  its 
three  stories  being  fully  occupied,  and  affording  none  too 
much  room.  Its  interior  finish  throughout  is  with  the  native 
oak  of  the  locality,  and  very  elegant.  It  has  a  large  tire- 
proof  vault,  with  all  the  attachments  of  a  bank  vault,  and 
its  appointments  in  every  way  are  lirst-class. 

The  Belt  Line  Railway,  which  \vas  built  and  is  opera- 
ted by  the  Harriman  Coal  and  Iron  Railroad  Comjiany 
affords  a  special  feature  of  advantage  for  manufacturers 
as  also  for  the  general  public.  This  line  of  road,  deflecting 
from  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railway,  a  half 
mile  from  the  junction  of  that  road  with  the  Cincinnati 
Southern  Railway,  extends  nearly  around  the  hrst  platted 
portion  of  the  towMi,  and  when  the  circuit  is  comjileted  that 
section  of  it  will  be  about  four  miles  in  extent.  Its  neat 
station  is  photographed  on  another  page.  It  is  a  thoroughly 
substantial  piece  of  railroad,  and  it  is  now  being  extended 
down  to  the  second  oxbow   of  the  Emory,  so  as  to  encircle 

48 


and  acconimodate  the  new  Fisk  Addition  beim^^  platted  tliere. 
This  road  makes  it  jiossihle  lor  all  the  industrial  plants  of 
Harriman  to  be  U)cated  on  a  line  of  railway,  and  also  to 
have  water  frontag-e  if  tliey  so  desire. 

ReHable  banking  institutions  arc  a  vital  necessity  to  the 
upbuilding  of  an  industrial  tt)wn.  Harriman  has  three  such, 
established  in  the  following  order  :  The  First  National  Bank, 
capital  $50,000  ;  the  .Manufacturers'  National  Hank,  capital 
$50,000;  and  the  Harriman  Bank  and  Trust  C'omi)any,  cajii- 
tal  $25,000.  The  latter,  of  which  Mr.  James  McDowell  is 
President,  has  a  savings  department.  Mr.  j.  1).  W'olsten- 
holme.  President  of  the  Manufacturers'  National  Hank,  is 
also  Secretary  and  Manager  of  the  Harriman  Building  and 
Loan  Association,  W.  H.  Russell,  President,  which  has  been 
as  helpful  to  Harriman  as  another  bank  would  be.  It  has 
an  authorized  capital  of  SI, 000,000,  with  $750,000  subscribed, 
and  its  loans  for  building  purposes  in  Harriman  are  very 
large.  The  Harriman  Improvement  Company,  ^Ir.  T-.  S. 
Freeman,  President,  has  been  also  an  efficient  helj)  ;  original 
capital,  $75,000;  increase  to  $150,000  just  authorized. 

The  1  larriman  ^(/zwwc^  has  done  much  to  adxertise  and 
aid  the  city,  whose  career  is  tersely  summed  u])  in  that 
paper's  name.  It  began  with  daily  issues  onl\-.  but  is  now 
published  in  l)oth  dailv  and  weekly  editions  by  the  Ad\ance 
Printing  Company,  Gideon  Hill,  President.  A.  A.  Hoi)kins 
is  its  Fditor-in-Chief ;  \\'.  S.  Hallock,  ■Managing  FMitor  :  J. 
W.  I>ridwell,  City  Fditor.  The  Harriman  IVcck/y  'J'iiiu'S  has 
been  lately  estal)lished. 

Various  minor  building  and  other  companies  have  aided 
in  Flarriman's  growth.  The  l''ales  Ikiilding  Comjjany  has 
erected  the  finest  private  business  block  thus  far  built,  on 
W'alden  street.  The  Bank  Building  Company  has  been  in- 
corporated,  for  the  erection,    corner   of  Roane  arid  W'alden 

50 


I 


HARRIMAN  BANK  AND  TRUST  COMHANY. 


streets,  of  a  still  tiner  block,  to  aocoiiunodatc  the  Manufac- 
turers' Bank,  the  Building  and  Loan  Association,  and  the 
Daily  and  Weekly  Advauci'. 

The  Harriman  Manufacturing  Company  has  been,  and 
will  remain,  the  chief  promoter  of  industries  at  Harriman. 
It  was  chartered  under  the  statutes  of  Tennessee,  with  broad 
powers  and  privileges,  on  the  i6th  day  of  October,  1890,  to 
be  the  right  arm  of  the  East  Tennessee  Land  Company  in  its 
great  work.  Its  organization  was  perfected  on  the  20th  of 
November  ensuing,  with  the  following  list  of  officers  : 

President — John   Hopewell,  Jr. 

Treasurer  —  A.  W.  Wagnalls. 

Secretary  —  A.  A.  Hopkins. 

General  Manager — W.  H.    Russell. 

Its  capital  stock  was  fixed  at  $1,000,000 — thereby  adding 
potentially  this  amount  to  the  moderate  capitalization  of  the 
Land  Company,  and  still  further  assuring  the  necessary 
funds  for  development — and  over  $300,000  of  it  were  sub- 
scribed before  its  active  operations  began. 

The  plans  and  methods  of  this  Manufacturing  Comi)any 
were  novel  in  their  character,  and  were  devised  and  per- 
fected after  careful  deliberation  by  the  directors  and  man- 
agers of  the  P'ast  Tennessee  Land  Company,  in  consultation 
\w\i\\  prominent  business  men  not  previously  connected  with 
the  Land  Company's  affairs. 

CHRISTIAN   HELPS. 

The  churches  of  Harriman  should  be  mentioned  first 
among  its  moral  and  l)encticcnt  helps.  There  are  nine  dif- 
ferent church  organizations  which  have  regular  worship, 
and  of  these  the  Congregational,  the  First  Methodist,  the 
Southern  Methodist,  the  Christian,  and  two  colored  churches, 
meet  regularly  in  their  own  houses,  but  only  the  Christian 
Church  yet  occupies  its  permanent   church  edifice,  an  illus- 

52 


tration  of  which  apjjcars.  The  others  have  erected  neat 
cliai)els,  the  Congrej^ationalists  leading  the  way,  with  Fisk 
Chapel  soon  after  deilicatcd  by  the  First  Methodist  organiza- 
tion. I-'.ach  of  these,  as  also  the  Southern  .Methodist,  will,  in 
due  time,  erect  their  main  editice  upon  the  front  of  the  lots 
donateil  by  the  Kast  Tennessee  Land  Company. 

Reference  has  been  nuide  to  the  I'niversalist  church,  n(»w 
nearly  tniished.       The  I'.a|)tists.  the  Cniversalists,  the  Episco- 


THE  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH,  MORGAN  STREET. 

palians,  and  the  Presbyterians,  have  service  regularly  in 
tem|)orary  tpiartcrs,  the  former  occupying  the  V.  M.  C.  A. 
hall.  The  Baptists,  however,  have  begun  their  permanent 
house  of  worshi|i  on  Trenton,  corner  of  Queen  street, 
which  will  be  a  substantial  brick  edifice,  erecteil  near  the 
business    center    of     town.       The    Kj)iscopalians    have    also 

53 


begfun  the  croction  of  a  church  on  Trenton  street.  1  lu- 
dwellers  in  Harriman  are  a  church-<joing'  peojile,  to  a  degree 
unusual  even  in  the  most  moral  communities.  I'.ach  of  the 
church  ort^ani/.ations  has  a  resident  minister. 

Ihe  \'ouni^  Mens  C  liristian  .\ssociation  was  orsj^ani/eil 
over  a  year  ai^o,  ami  has  been  zealously  conducted  ever 
since.  It  iuis  rooms  in  the  Caldwell  block,  one  of  the  best 
business  buildini^s  thus  far  erected,  where  is  a  cond'ortable 
liall  seating-  about  400,  and  where  it  has  a  considerable 
librarv.  It  meditates  the  erection  of  a  suitable  building  of 
its  own.  The  State  \'.  M.  C.  .\.  honored  it  by  holding  its 
annual  session  in  Harriman  last  September. 

The  Women's  Christian  rem]ierance  I'liion  was  early 
organized,  and  has  been  a  very  acti\e  hi'lpcT  in  the  develo])- 
ment  of  temperance  zeal,  and  in  the  sujjport  of  the  jiolicy  in- 
augurated by  the  Kast  Tennessee  Land  Company.  The  lat- 
ter liberally  donated  lots  to  the  L'nion  for  the  erection  of  a 
Temple,  which  was  suthciently  completed  in  Sej)tember  last 
to  allow  the  holding  in  it  of  the  State  W.  C.  T.  U.  conven- 
tion, which  gathered  there.  The  Tem])le.  as  ap])ears  from 
our  engraving,  is  a  very  creditable  piece  of  architecture,  its 
total  cost  being  al)out  sS.ooo.  The  money  for  its  erection 
has  l)een  cheerfully  <lonated  by  towns])eople  and  outside 
friends,  with  the  exception  of  a  certain  amount  of  indebted- 
ness soon  to  be  liquidated.  The  seating  cajiacity  of  the 
Temple  is  about  one  thousand,  and  it  has  small  rooms  for 
meetings  of  the  Union,  parlor  accommodations,  etc.  It 
affords  the  best  and  largest  place  for  public  gatherings  thus 
far  ])ro\ided. 

HOTEL  ACCOMMODATIONS. 

Harriman  lia^  se\  eral  hotels  and  boarding  houses  of  an 
excellent  character,  chief  of  which  is  the  Hotel  Cumberland, 
on  Devonia  street,  within   twti  blocks  of  the  stop]»ing  place 

54 


km 


-^), 


W.  C.   T.  U.  TEMPLf . 


for  all  trains  on  the  E.  T.  V.  &  G.  R.  R.  Ihis  liotcl,  begun 
by  private  jiarties,  was  finished  w  ilh  lands  provided  by  the 
E.  T.  L.  Company,  into  whose  hands  passed  a  eontrolling in- 
terest in  the  stoek  of  the  Hotel  Company  one  year  ago.  It 
will  accommodate  from  one  hundred  to  one  huiulred  and 
fifty  guests,  is  i)rovi(k'il  with  >lcani  hi,';il.  lialhs  and  all  sani- 
tary features,  affords  the  best  talik'  in  tlie  entire  region,  and 
has  become  i^ojmlar  with   eonnnercial   men  and  tourists  on 


CUMBERLAND  HOTEL. 

this  account.  It  commands  a  superb  view  of  Emory  Gap 
and  Walden's  Ridge,  which  it  faces.  The  summer  nights 
here  are  deliciously  cool  and  agreeable,  l)ecause  of  the  cool 
breeze  which  makes  out  of  the  Ga]>  regularly  in  the  after- 
noon and  evening  of  every  summer  day. 

Within  one  block  of  it  is  the  extensive  foundation  of  the 
great  hotel  originally  ])lanned  by  the  Land  Gom])any,  when 
it  did  not  appear  that  j^rivate  enterprise  would  build  a  pub- 
lic house   equal   to   the    character  and  requirements  of  the 

56 


^^.^J^mA 


FALES    BLOCK. 


/.\ 


RESIDENCE  OF  W.   H.  RUSSELL,  CUMBERLAND  STREET. 


place,  the  erection  m  which  was  suspendcHl  when  the  Com- 
pany found  it  necessary  to  assume  such  lar^'c  share  in  the 
ownership  of  tlie  Cuniht-rlaml.  In  due  time,  when  the 
demands  of  the  town  make  necessary,  its  completion  will  no 
douht  l»e  carried  forward,  and  it  will  become  a  conspicuous 
landmark(.f  Harrinian.  as  l)c-hel<l  by  all  who  pass  on  either 
of  the   railroads. 


:^i^^ 


ON   THE   EMORY.   AT   HARRIMAN. 

59 


JOHN    HOPEWELL,   JR. 


^.!^.^^.^ 


fmm 


> 


ITS    INDUSTxRIES 


A-  ^  V  ^. 


Industrially,  tlic  two  years  of  Ilarrimaii  furnish  a  record 
that  differentiates  it  from  all  other  new  towns  of  the  South. 
Its  builders  did  not  make  the  early  mistake,  so  common,  of 
assumin,!^  that  a  blast  furnace  is  the  sine  qua  mm  of  success 
in  town  building-,  and  that  upc^n  a  furnace  alone  can  a  town 
be  successfully  established.  They  counted  on  seeing^  the 
furnace  a  fact  in  due  time,  where  all  conditions  favor  its 
protitable  operation,  but  they  believed  its  establishment 
might  litly  wait  until  other  industries  should  create  local  de- 
mand for  its  product,  and  thereby  assure  its  prolit.  They 
were  certain  that  a  variety  of  manufacture  would  be^t  guar- 
antee the  industrial  success  desired  :  and  that  it  was  wiser 
to  locate  several  small  concerns,  on  sound  business  prin- 
ciples, with  an  output  soon  to  follow,  and  with  fair  assur- 
ances t)f  growth,  than  to  seek  two  or  three  extensive  plants, 
requiring  heavy  bonus,  which  might  be  a  year  in  course  of 
erection,  and  the  products  of  which  must  be  long  ilelayed. 

Results  have  justitled  this  policy,  as  in  Harriman  alone 
has  steady  progress  been  made  in  the  tlevelopment  of  South- 
ern industries.      This  fact  is  due,  in  about  equal  measure,  to 

6i 


the  methods  that  were  adoptetl  for  such  deveU)i)nient  there, 
and  to  the  superior  oj)])c)rtunities  and  eidvantages  which 
Harriman  affords.  These  methods  excluded  the  bonus  idea 
tVom  the  tirst,  and  were  based  on  s^-enuine  recijirocation  ; 
these  advantages  made  that  reci]irocation  suHicient,  and 
bonuses  less  reipiisite.  In  other  words,  it  has  been  tound 
that  certain  reciprocal  features  peculiar  to  Harriman,  ami  a 
combination    of   resources  not   elsewhere   existimr    in    such 


HARRIMAN'S  FIRST  INDUSTRY— OLD  SAW   MILL. 

favorable  degree,  furnish  am]ile  reason   for  manufacturers  to 
locate  there. 

Briefly  stated,  the  Harriman  Manufacturing-  Com]')any's 
plan  was  and  is  to  invest  its  cajiital  in  manufacturing  indus- 
tries at  Harriman,  to  the  extent  of  from  one-third  to  one-half 
the  capital  necessary  to  establish  an  inc'ustry,  outside  capital 
being  interested  to  the  extent  of  one-half  to  two-thirds  in 
each  case. 

62 


The  Manufacturins^  Comi)auy  will  thus  hold  a  lar^e  inter- 
est, as  it  does  already,  in  many  substantial  factories  at 
Harriman,  and  through  pro])(.'r  cilliccrs  will  exercise  careful 
supervision  over  these,  mal<in<;-  sure  they  are  conducted  to 
the  best  possible  advantage,  and  that  all  means  within  the 
jiower  of  the  Ilarrinian  Manufacturing  CV)nipaii\'  and   of  the 


A  GLIMPSE   IN  THE   ROLLING   MILLS. 

East  Tennessee  Land  Company  are  used  to  promote  their 
welfare  and  assure  a  wide  market  for  their  ])roducts. 
CO-OPERATIVE  METHODS. 
This  plan,  it  is  believed,  will  carry  to  the  utmcjst  point  yet 
attained,  the  spirit  and  method  of  co-operation  among  manu- 
facturing establishments  of  different  character,  so  that  all 
shall  work  as  one  concern  for  their  own  interest,  the  interest 
of  the  town,  and  the  consequent  greater  success  of  the 
parent  company.  Under  it  each  industry  which  locates  at 
Harriman  may  hope  to  make  greater  profits  upon  its  capital 

64 


than  could  be  made  by  the  same  investment,  as  an  inde- 
pendent enterprise,  at  any  other  place  in  the  Soutli.  There 
are  possibilities  of  mutual  j^^ain,  for  many  industries  working 
m  harmonious  combination,  which  cannot  separately  be 
commanded,  and  the  co-operative  advantages  which  may  be 
secured  by  the  Harriman  Manufacturing  Company,  for 
manufactures  at   llarriman,  and   for  the  proUtal.le  liandling 


PUDDLING  FURNACES,   LOOKOUT  ROLLING  MILL. 

and  sale,  away  from  llarriman,  of  whatever  may  be  there 
produced,  will  readily  suggest  themselves.  They  make  it 
feasible  for  one  man,  or  one  set  of  men,  in  many  market 
centers,  to  care  for  the  interests  of  several  related  industries, 
at  great  saving  of  expense,  and  great  increase  of  profit  to 
each.  It  follows  that  the  stock  to  be  held  in  each,  by  the 
Harriman  Miuiufacturing  Company,  must  be  a  profitable 
source  of  income  to  that  Company,  and  must  make  its  own 
stock  return  handsome  dividends  and  increase  nandsomely 

66 


in  value.  This  is  the  niore  certain  l)ecause  the  stock  wliich 
the  llarrinian  Company  will  hold  in  many  subordinate  com- 
panies will  be  preferred  stock,  with  six  per  cent,  dividend 
fairly  assured  upon  it,  by  such  preference,  from  the  start. 

In  consideration  of  the  industries  to  be  located  at  llarri- 
man,  and  of  advantages  to  accrue  from  their  location  there 
under  the  ]>lan  above  set   forth,   the  V.asi  Tennessee   Land 


i  -mmm^.      ~     ^              ii 

fTZ  ........MM 

^^^^^^^^^^■■m^^  t 

lb: 

'^^9 

SMk 

#  „,  J^ 

i%^ 

III 

^^\     -^M 

- 

1 

ESk» 

Z?^:! 

1 

FORGE   ROOMS,  AGRICULTURAL  WORKS. 

Company  enteretl  into  a  contract  with  the  Harriman  Manu- 
facturing Com])an\-  whereby  the  former  company  is  to  make 
over,  in  March  and  September  of  each  year,  an  amount  of 
money  suhicient,  with  any  moneys  in  the  treasury  of  the 
Harriman  Manufacturing  Company  a])plicable  to  the  pay- 
ment of  dividends,  to  insure  a  semi-annual  ilividend  of  three 
l)er  cent,  upon  all  stock  of  the  Harriman  Manufacturing 
Company  outstanding.  Under  this  agreement,  which 
assured  three  per  cent,  semi-annual  dividend  to  all  the  stock 

69 


of   the   Ilarninan   Manufacturing:  Conipan\-   for  the  tern:  of 
four  years,  two  such  dividends  have  already  been  paid. 

The  methods  of  the  Harriman  Manufactaring  Company 
are  conservative  and  practical,  though  peculiar  to  itself.  It 
avoids  the  bonus  system  in  the  location  of  industries,  and 
seeks  their  establishment  at  Harriman  only  upon  plain  busi- 
ness principles.  It  enii^ages  to  secure  from  the  East  Tennes- 
see Land  Com]iany.  in  pursuance  of  the   contract  with   that 


mW^'f^^ 


I' 


-^ 


SAW  AND  BENDING  DEPARTMENT,  GIBSON   AGRICULTURAL  WORKS. 

Company,  to  which  reference  has  already  been  made,  a 
suitable  site  for  each  manufacturing  concern  established  at 
Harriman,  the  same  being  donated  by  the  East  Tennessee 
Land  Company  under  that  contract ;  and  the  Harriman 
]\Ianufacturing  Company  then  insists  that  for  every  dollar 
which  it  shall  invest  in  a  manufacturing  concern,  the  men 
who  are  actively  to  become  its  managers,  for  themselves  or 
others,    shall    invest    a    like    amount,    either   in    cash,  or   its 

70 


equivalent'  in  machinery  or  material.  Under  this  arrange- 
ment the  Harriman  Manufacturing  Company  comes  into 
ownership,  without  cost,  ot'  valuable  real  estate  franchises, 
and  the  cash  investeil  hy  it  represents  actual  values  without 
inflation  or  bonuses  for  good-will.  INIoreover,  the  men  who 
actively  manage  those  concerns  thus  located  at  Harriman 
have  at  least  equal  interest  in  their  economical  and  energetic 
administration,  and  their  success. 

Careful  selection  of  industries  is  made,  with  a  \iew  to  such 
relation  thereof  as  shall  render  them  patrons  of  each  other, 
as  much  as  possible,  thus  insuring  for  each,  to  the  largest 
possible  extent,  a  local  sui)plv  of  raw  material  without  trans- 
portation charges,  and  with  a  huge  home  market  for  the  ar- 
ticle produced.  Under  this  plan  and  by  these  methods  this 
IManufacturing  Company  has  advantages  peculiar  to  itselt, 
and  enjoyed  by  no  other  comi)any  known,  \iz  : 
PECULIAR     ADVANTAGES. 

I  si. — 1/  groups  the  best  possibililifs  o/'  several  kinds  of  viami- 
faciure,  under  advantageous  conditions  noxvhere  else  to  be  found. 

2d. — It  gives  to  the  investor  a  guarantee  of  profit,  from  such 
varied  manufacture,  not  possible  from  one  line  of  industry  alone. 

jd. — It  kicks  this  guarantee  by  a  responsible  contract,  making 
doubly  sure  the  semi-annual  payment  (fa  good  dividend  for  a  term 
of  years. 

Up  to  the  1st  of  November,  iSi^i.  this  Com])any  had 
located  at  Harriman,  under  this  plan  and  l)y  these  methods, 
the  following  nine  industries  : 

INDUSTRIES     IN     OPERATION. 

Lookout  Rolling  Mills. — Lookout  Iron  Company,  capital 
$200, oco;  removed  from  Chattanooga;  Sol.  Simpson,  presi- 
dent; J.  D.  Roberts,  manager;  200  hands  employed  before 
removal;  mills  largely  increased  in  size  ;   250  to  300  hands. 

Gibson     Agricultural     ^A^o^ks.  —  Gibson     Agricultural 


Works  Conii)any,  capital  $50,000;  Da*'id  Gilison,  president; 
removed  from  Chattanooga;  70  l^ands  emjiloyed  there; 
caj)acity  doubled;   125  to  150  hands. 

Harriman  Hoe  and  Tool  Factory.  —  Harriman  Hoe 
and  Tool  Co.,  newly  established  ;  Louis  B.  Goodall,  presi- 
dent ;  George  B.  DurcU,  manager;  capital  $75,000;  40  to 
60  hands. 

Harriman  Tack  Factory. —  Harriman  Tack  Company, 
reorganized  aticr  remo\al  iVom  Auburn,  N.  Y. ;  capital  $40,- 
000;  A.  A.  Hopkins,  president;  J.  11.  I'.  Lane,  superinten- 
dent :    20  to  40  hands. 

East  Tennessee  Furniture  Factory.  —  Last  Tennessee 
Furniture  Co.,  capital  $25,000;  removetl  from  Knoxville ; 
W.  H.  Russell,  president  ;  I\I.  L.  Dame,  manager  ;  30  to  60 
hanils. 

Duthie     Machine    Works    and     Foundry. Duthie 

Machine  and  Foundry  Co.,  capital  $20,000;  removed  from 
Knoxville  ;  George  H.  Duthie,  president  and  manager;  40 
hands. 

Harriman  Brick  Works. — Harriman  Brick  and  Build- 
ing Company,  new  organization,  capital  $30,000 ;  E.  M. 
Goodall,  president ;    20  hands. 

Cumberland  Manufacturing  Works. — (Building  ma- 
terial, sash,  blinds,  etc.)  Cumberland  [Manufacturing  Co., 
new;  capital  $25,000;  Frederick  Gates,  president;  30 
hands. 

Bailey  Auger  Works.  —  Bailey  Auger  Bit  Co.,  capital 
$50,000;  removed  from  Lancaster,  O.;  W.  A.  Starbuck, 
president;  J.  K.  Hayward,  secretary  and  treasurer;  R.  M. 
True,  manager ;   20  to  60  hands. 

All  these  nine  industries  were  in  successful  operation  on 
the  date  named,  with  their  production  supplying  local  de- 
mands, or  shipping  their  products   to   various  points   north, 

74 


south,  east  and  west.  Nearly  all  were  behiiul  actual  orders, 
and  the  Lookout  Rolling  Mills  were  tuniinj^  out  iron  for 
shipment  on  orders  direct  to  Louisville,  Cin'Jnnati  and  Pitts- 
burgh, thus  demonstrating  that  Ilarriman  is  far  enough  south 
to  insure  the  cheapest  iron-making  conditions,  and  sufHciently 
farther  north  than  Alabama  to  command  the  Northern  mar- 
kets, and  to  com]>ete  successfully  with  Pennsylvania  iron 
makers  for  the  best  iron  trade.  Since  that  date  the  Rolling 
Mills  have  successfully  rolled  steel  plates,  for  the  Hoe  and 
Tool  Factory,  from  Southern  steel  billets,  made  at  the  South- 
ern Steel  Works  in  Chattanooga,  thus  demonstrating  that  the 
South  has  her  own  facilities  for  all  forms  of  steel  j^roduction, 
and  that  Harrimans  own  industries  largely  afford  sup]>lies 
for  each  other. 

Up  to  the  date  last  mentioned  the  stock  held  by  the  Ilarri- 
man Manufacturing  Company  in  the  above  industries  aggre- 
gated $268,000,  of  which  over  $100,000  was  preferred. 

Upon  the  date  which  these  pages  commemorate — Feb- 
ruary 26,  1892,  second  anniversary  of  Harriman — a  new 
announcement  is  made  by  the  East  Tennessee  Land  Com- 
pany, which  has  vital  signiticance  to  Ilarriman  and  her 
industrial  future. 

The  Land  Comjiany  agrees  and  guarantees  that  from  and 
after  this  date  one-half  the  net  jiroceeds  of  all  its  lot  sales  at 
Harriman,  and  one-half  the  net  proceeds  of  all  Inc(mie 
Warrants  sold  after  March  ist,  and  ap])lied  on  lot  j^ayments, 
until  such  net  i)roceeds  reach  the  total  amount  of  $2,000,000, 
shall  be  set  apart  as  an  Industrial  Fund,  for  the  establish- 
ment and  promotion  of  industries  at  Ilarriman.  By  this 
agreement  and  guarantee  the  sum  of  One  Milliim  Dollars,  as 
it  may  become  available  from  sales  made,  is  apj)ro|)riated 
by  the  East  Tennessee  Land  Company  for  the  industrial 
growth  of  Harriman  ;  or,  to   put  it  more  plainly  still,    one- 

76 


^    i 


half  the  net  sum  received  by  the  Comjiany,  from  the  sale  of 
every  lot,  until  the  broad  limit  is  reached  as  fixed  above,  is 
to  be  applied  for  the  buyer's  direct  benefit,  by  manufactur- 
ing investment  that  shall  increase  the  value  of  every  lot  sold. 

Under  the  plan  and  by  the  methods  of  the  ]^arent  Com- 
pany, and  its  auxiliary,  as  heretofore  set  forth,  every  dollar 
industrially  invested  must  be  matched  by  at  least  another 
dollar  of  capital  from  an  outside  source  ;  and  this  fact  really 
means  for  every  lot  purchaser  at  Harrinian,  tluring-  the  next 
year  or  two,  an  actual  investment  for  manufactures  there,  as 
the  direct  result  of  his  purchase,  of  cash  equivalent  to  the  full 
sum  he  pays  ;  if  total  lot  sales  reach  that  amount,  an  aggregate 
investment  for  industries  at  Harriman,  by  and  because  of  the 
Land  Company's  action,  of  an  even  'l\vo  Millions  of  Dollars. 
It  is  computed  that  such  a  sum  thus  aj-fplied  would  carry  the 
population  of  Harriman,  within  its  first  five  years,  to  not 
less  than  25,000  souls.  The  establishment  of  an  Industrial 
Fund  so  large,  under  conditions  that  must  be  so  far-reaching, 
witnesses  to  great  faith  in  Harriman's  future,  and  astonish- 
ing liberality  of  purpose  to  insure  the  same. 

The  first  fruits  of  the  sagacious  and  liberal  ]K)licy  thus 
inauguratetl  for  Harriman,  are  apparent  even  before  these 
pages  leave  the  press,  in  a  large  number  of  ])lants  offered 
for  location  there,  and  in  a  contract  actually  made  to  remove 
the  Haves  Chair  Factory  from  Tallapoosa,  Ga. ,  and  to  oper- 
ate its  business  by  the  Hayes  Chair  Com])any,  of  Harriman  ; 
ca]>ital,  $75,000:  capacity  50  to  75  hands. 

Apart  from  any  owncrshiji  of  the  Harriman  ManufviCtur- 
ing  Company  there  are  several  enterprises  at  Harriman  now 
in  operation  or  soon  to  be,  of  considerable  extent  and  much 
credit  to  the  town.  Easily  first  of  these  is  the  S.  K.  Paige 
Manufacturing  Works,  with  cai)acity  for  150  hands;  S.  K. 
Paige  Manufacturing  Company,  capital  $50,000;   Mr.   S.    K. 

78 


Paii^e,  President ;  W.  L".  Harriinan,  Treasurer ;  \V.  V, 
Hawkes,  Manager.  This  concern  is  for  working  altogether 
in  wood  ;  the  making  of  wooden-ware  :  the  production  of 
finished  wood-stulf  in  varied  forms.  It  is  a  model  factory 
wiih  all  recent  appliances  for  utilizing  jiower  and  skill. 

The  Emory  River  IceCompan\-,  j.  I).  Wolstenholme,  Presi- 
dent, will  manul'acture  ice  this  season  from  the  pure  water 
which  the  PLmory  supjilies,  and  with  a  plant  costing  $20,000. 

The  \Vhii)ple  &  Armstrong  Machine  Works,  beginning   in 
a  modest  fashion,  anticipate  success  and   attendant  growth. 
CHEAP   MANUFACTURING  CONDITIONS. 

No  other  town  in  the  South  can  match  the  manufacturing 
conditions  which  Harriman  affords  for  cheapness  of  produc- 
tion and  ease  of  shipment.  An  ample  supply  of  water  so 
pure  that  even  steam  boilers  are  not  encrusted  by  its  use  ; 
water  trontage  when  desired  and  river  transportation  a  jiart 
of  each  year;  a  Belt  Line  Railway,  reaching  directly  every 
manufacturing  concern,  with  its  own  switches  provided; 
trunk  line  freight  facilities  excellent  and  sure  to  increase;  a 
climate  neither  so  cold  in  winter  nor  so  hot  in  summer  as  to 
interfere  with  advantageous  indoor  work  : — these  are  some 
of  the  superior  advantages  offered.  Then  the  timber  re- 
sources round  about  Harriman  are  extensive;  and  the  Harri- 
man Coal  and  Iron  Railroad,  now  extending  into  the  Brushy 
Mountain  region,  twenty  miles  away,  will  develop  exten- 
sive resources  of  coal,  lumber,  etc..  all  tributary  to  the 
manufacturing  interests  at  Harriman,  and  easily  to  be  com- 
manded for  their  advantage.  Moreover,  the  coal  and  iron 
mines  of  the  East  Tennessee  Land  Company  are  in  close 
touch  with  the  town,  one  coalmine  being  in  active  operation 
just  across  the  river,  another  now  being  opened  on  the  town 
side,  and  three  iron  mines,  yielding  their  output  of  thousands 
of  tons  of  ore  each  month,  but  ten   to  twelve  miles   away, 

80 


and  soon  to  be  accessible  by  the  river  division  of  the  Ilarri- 
nian  Coal  and  Iron  Railroad,  the  completion  of  which  is 
expected  within  the  coming-  year. 

Immense  iron  deposits  commence  on  the  eastern  edge  of 
Harriman  and  extend  several  miles  along  the  ridges  which 
parallel  the  Cumberland  plateau,  running  eastward  towards 
Knoxville.  fifty  miles  away.  These  iron  deposits  have  been 
lately  opened  for  supplying  their  hard  ore  to  the  Harriman 
Wrought  Iron  Furnace  and  to  the  Lookout  Rolling  Mills,  and 
prove  greatly  superior  to  similar  deposits  farther  south ;  and 
coal  of  the  Byrdmine,  at  Harriman,  is  pronounced  by  users 
there  far  better  than  any  which  they  had  previously  used  for 
forge  and  rolling  mill  purposes. 

Mr.  D.  A.  Plant,  superintendent  of  the  Lookout  Rolling 
Mills,  being  inquired  of  as  to  this  coal,  testified  thus:  "I 
consider  the  Byrd  coal  of  a  very  good  quality,  free  to  burn, 
and  carrying  with  it  a  clean  and  lierce  combustion,  a  quality 
very  necessary  for  the  making  and  heating  of  iron.  It  also 
possesses  good  lasting  qualities,  which  are  so  seldom  found 
in  a  great  many  of  the  free  burning  coals  such  as  Poplar 
Creek,  Jellico  and  others.  The  coals  used  mainly  in  Chat- 
tanooga were  from  Daisy,  Sale  Creek  and  Soddy;  these 
coals  could  not  be  used  with  any  satisfaction  at  all  without 
the  aid  of  strong  blast,  thus  causing  continued  repairing  to 
furnaces  to  keep  them  in  working  order.  These  coals  also 
make  very  heavy  clinkers  iu  the  fire  chambers,  the  result  of 
which  consumed  a  great  deal  of  time  in  cleaning  grates  and 
getting  furnaces  sufficiently  hot  to  charge  next  heat. 

"The  Byrd  coal  works  just  the  reverse  of  the  coal  men- 
tioned above.  We  can  use  it  without  blast,  thus  avoiding 
a  great  deal  of  the  expense  in  repairing,  caused  by  using 
blast.  This  coal  does  not  clinker,  but  burns  down  to  a  fine 
ash ;  thus  it  requires  little  or  no  time  to  clean  grates,  leaving 

82 


'     i-fn. 

i(r 

j0a 

\  W^ 

'i 

^    ^Kj 

y 

i 

-'■ 

the  furnaces  at  all  times  hot  enough  to  charge  right  along. 
Hence,  there  is  no  comparison  between  this  and  the  coal 
used  in  Chattanooga  ;  and  with  this  difference  in  our  favor, 
I  feel  safe  in  saying  that  there  must  be  a  saving  of  from  20  to 
25  per  cent,  in  the  coal  item,  compared  with  Chattanoo- 
ga." 

Coal  of  like  (piality  abounds  in  Walden's  Ridge  for  miles 
on  the  border  of  the  city  site,  and  extending  eastward,  while 
the  Brushy  Mountain  coal  fields,  to  be  developed  by  the 
Brushy  Mountain  division  of  the  Harriman  Coal  and  Iron 
Railroad,  are  pronounced  by  experts  of  great  richness  and 
inexhaustible  supply.  Coke  of  good  (lualily  is  already  made 
by  the  East  Tennessee  Mining  Company,  at  the  Byrd  mine, 
which  finds  use  in  the  factories  there,  giving  excellent  satis- 
faction, while  a  still  better  (luality  is  anticipated  from  the 
Brushy  Mountain  mines  as  soon  as  these  shall  be  develo]ied. 
Mr.'  David  Gibson,  President  of  the  Gibson  Agricultural 
Works,  under  date  of  Nov.  25th.  iS.^i,  wrote  thus  about  the 
coke  made  from  this  Byrd  mine  coal: 

'T  am  very  glad  to  report  that  I  have  never  used  better 
coke  than  I  am  getting  from  you.  In  the  cupola  it  holds  its 
burden  w^ell,  burns  freely  and  is  very  clean.  1  have  used 
Connellsville  and  PocahcMitas  coke,  andconsider  this  equal  to 
any  '  have  ever  used  in  the  cupola,  and  bc/Zcr  than  either  of 
the  others  in  the  foige,  for  the  reason  that  it  burns  more  free- 
ly, does  not  form  into  clinkers,  and  the  ash  drops  away  free- 
ly, so  that  we  can  keep  a  clean  fire.  It  is  csitecially  good 
fi)r  welding  on  this  account.  Ut.  Jerry  Clark,  superintendent 
of  the  Hoe  and  Tool  Works  just  stepped  in,  and  1  asked  his 
opinion  of  the  coke,  and  his  report  exactly  coincides  with 
my  ideas.  He  finds  it  the  best  he  has  ever  used,  and  he  is 
an  expert  hoe  manufacturer  and  has  spent  all  his  life  in  this 
business,  which  recpiires  the  best  of  fuel." 

85 


SAVING  TO   MANUFACTURERS. 
It  has  been  and  will  l«c  easy  to  l.)cale  liesirahle  industries 
at  llarriman   without  payment  of  bcjnuses  usually   exacted 
from  new  towns,  because  of  the  clear  savin;,,Mn  manufacture, 
effected  chietly  in  three  ways,  viz: 

J  St. — By  the  pnixtniilw  i/tt;i/>nt:\s  ,inJ  ra<:v  cnmrnaml  of  raw 
material,  iron  ami  timicr. 

2d.—B\'  Ihc  low  cost  of  coal  for  fuel,  Jciir-rra  ai  jacunx  a.u.r  s 
by  the  East  Tennessee  Mining,'  C'»)if'.viv  for  from  $1.2^  /"  $r-5(> 
per  ton. 

jj. — Bv  the  river  and  railroad  J acdities  enjny.-.i,  aii  facmnes 
being  located  on  the  Bell  Railroad,  encircling  Harriman,  and  also, 
if  they  ivish  it,  beside  the  Emory  river,  parallel  thereivilh. 

As  stated  by  Mr.  Sol.  Simpson,  president  of  the  Lookout 
Iron  Company,  the  Lookout  Rolling'  Mills,  which  before 
their  removal  had  done  a  successful  business  at  Chattanooga 
for  several  years,  will  save  $12,000  a  year  in  the  cost  of 
coal  alone,  or  si.x  per  cent,  on  the  entire  capital,  by  locating 
at  Marriman.  They  will  save,  also,  nearly  all  their  water 
rent,  about  $250  per  month,  taking  their  supply  directly 
from  the  river,  near  which  the  great  plant  stands.  They 
will  also  save  greatly  in  the  use  of  iron  ore,  and  the  total 
saving  on  their  output,  as  compared  with  cost  of  an  equal 
output  at  Chattanooga  (had  such  an  output  been  there  possi- 
ble), is  computed  by  the  superintendent  at  $20,000  a  year. 
The  Gibson  Agricidtural  Works  will  also  make  a  correspond- 
ingly large  saving  in  the  use  of  coals  and  hard  woods. 

An  abundance  of  iron,  coke  and  limestone,  in  the  nearest 
contiguity  known  anywhere,  makes  it  certain  that  Harrri- 
man  will  be  able  to  produce  iron  as  cheaply  at  least  as  it  can 
anywhere  be  produced  in  the  world.  Says  Dr.  George  A. 
Koenig,  Professor  of  Metallurgy  and  Mining  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  : 


"1  do  not  hesitate  to  make  the  assertion  that  iron  can  be 
made  here  at  a  greater  profit  than  at  Birming-hani." 

Says  Jo.  C.  GuiUl.  Assistant  State  Geologist  of  Tennessee, 
and  Mining  Engineer  : 

"All  the  conditions  are  present  lor  the  cheap  manufacture 
of  iron — an  abundance  of  iron  ore.  l)()th  hard  and  soft;  an 
inexhaustible  supply  of  good  coking  coal,  and  good  lime- 
stone for  flux  on  every  hand:  all  these  secured  in  a  stone's 
throw  of  each  other." 

Says  Capt.  J.  D.  Roberts.  Manager  of  the  Lookout  Roll- 
ing ]Mills  : 

■•Harriman  is  second  to  none  in  her  facilities  for  the 
manufacture  of  pig  iron  and  basic  steel  at  a  low 
cost." 

These  things  being  true,  and  the  manufactures  already 
established  at  Harriman  making  a  local  demand  for  ]Hg  iron 
nearly  or  cpiite  ecjual  to  the  output  of  one  furnace,  the  Harri- 
man FurnaceCom]iany  has  been  organized,  Ferd.  Schumacher, 
President :  W.  B.  Winslow,  Secretary,  with  an  authorized 
capital  of  $500,000,  of  which  one-half  is  common  stock, 
and  the  other  half  an  S  percent.  Cumulative  Preferred  stock. 
All  the  Common  Stock  has  been  subscribed  for  by  the  East 
Tennessee  Land  Company  and  the  I'.ast  Tennessee  ?*Iining 
Company,  the  latter  of  which,  desiring  a  local  market  for  its 
products,  contracts  to  furnish  iron  ore  and  coke  to  the  extent 
of  250,000  tons  of  each  per  annum,  at  $2.50  per  ton  for 
coke,  and  $1,50  per  ton  for  iron  ore.  these  being  the  maxi- 
mum figures.  It  will  guarantee  the  coke  to  be  e(iual  in 
([uality  to  any  produced  in  the  South  ;  that  the  iron  ore  shall 
make  a  40  percent  mixture  ;  that  its  (piality  shall  be  second 
to  none  of  the  hematite  ores  now  used  in  the  South ;  and 
that  it  will  make,  as  it  has  proven  by  actual  experience,  the 
best  grade  of  foundry  pig,  and  Basic  ])ig  for  any  of  the  open 


STREET  SCENES  IN   HARRIMAN. 


heartli   processes.      Average   analysis  of  tlic  cokes  and  ore 
which  will  be  furnished  is  as  follows  : 

COKK. 

/'»-/-   Cut. 

rixi'il  i-arl>oii.  .90 
Ash.          ...  8 

Siiljjluir,  .1 

Moisture, i 

IKON    OKK. 

Metallic  inm .50 

Alumina,  (> 

Silica,  10 

Sulphur,  00 

Phosphorus, ■  0.4 

Moisture,  10 

Total 7''-4 

Limestone  can  be  obtained  within  eit;lity  rods  of  Furnace, 
containing-  : 

JW  Cent. 

Carh.  Lime  from 75  to  95 

Maj;;nesia  carl>.  Iroiii 3  to  22 

Silica, 1  to     5 

Taking  these  figures  as  a  basis,  pig  iron  can  be  produced 
with  modern  furnace  plant,  at  Harriman,  at  a  cost  of  $10 
per  ton  as  follows  : 

2.50  tons  iron  ore  at  51.50        .         .  $3.75 

1.50     "      coke  "      "    2.50                                       .  .            3.75 

limestone.                    .50 

Labor,  salaries,  incidentals  and  interest  on  plant 

and  repairs,  2.00 

Total, $10.00 

Labor,  etc.,  on  sinijle  100-ton  turnace,  $2.50 
"  "  pair  "  "  2.00 

All  the  mill  irons  to  the  extent  of  70  tons  ]ier  day,  and  some 
of  the  Xo.  2  foundry,  can  be  sold  here  in  Harriman  to  the 
Lookout  Iron  Co.,  the  Agricultural  Works  and  Foundries,  at 
a  profit  of  not  less  than  $1.00  per  ton  on  mill,  and  i2.oo  on 
foundry  grades,  during  the  seasons  of  lowest  prices  which 
have  yet  prevailed,  and  $2.00  per  ton  on  all  foundry  grades 
shipped  to  other  points.  Or,  to  average  the  whole  output, 
everv  ton  of  iron  made  should  yield  a  profit  of  not  less  than 
Si.  25  per  ton,  based  on  present  prices,  which  are  the  lowest 
in  the  history  of   the  trade. 

90 


The    Cumulative  Preferred  Stock  is    entitled   to    Eight    Per 
Cent,  of  the  Company's  protits   before  the  Common    Stock 

receives  any  (.lividend.  and  will  share  \vith  tlie  Common  Stock 
pro  rata,  after  that  receives  Eight  Per  Cent,  in  all  tlie  prohts 
in  excess  thereof.  If  the  protits  in  any  year  do  not  equal 
Eight  Per  Cent.  ui)()n  the  Preferred  Stock,  the  deficit  in  ilivi- 
dend  remains  a  charge  against  the  future  protits,  to  be  paid 
therefrom.  The  Preferred  Stock  also  has  a  lien  on  the  assets 
of  the  Company  superior  to  that  of  the  Common  Stock, 
which  entitles  it  to  be  paid  in  full  before  the  principal  of  any 


'\'%  ,%\%\%VK'^^jy^^^-'<'^^^^^^ 


PROPOSED  MODEL   FURNACE,  AT  HARRIMAN. 

part  of  the  Common  Stock  shall  be  paid.      These  preferences 
make  it  absolutely  secure  as  an  investment. 

Of  the  Cu?7iulative  Pre/erred  Stock  $50,000  has  been  sub- 
scribed for,  by  the  Harriman  Manufacturing  Co.,  and  the  re- 
maining   $200,000  is    being  taken   hv    outside  parties,    at  par. 

Shares  are  $100  each. 

92 


SOBRIETY  OF  LABOR. 

Already  the  cliaracter  of  Harriman  for  sobriety  and  tlirift 
IS  attracting  wide-spread  attention  from  manufacturers,  and 
the  moral  aspect  of  the  town,  with  the  certainty  of  sober 
workingmen,  because  of  the  absence  of  saloons,  will  more 
and  more  induce  the  location  of  desirable  manufacturings 
plants.  It  is  a  well-known  economic  fact  that  sober  labor, 
away  from  saloons,  yields  a  positive  percentag^e  of  gain  to 
the  capital  employing  it,  over  labor  in  a  community  where 
the  liquor  traffic  is  allowed.  Statistics  could  here  be  cited 
were  it  necessary,  to  show  that  this  is  the  fact,  and  that 
large  manufacturing  jilants  have  actually  yielded  a  much 
larger  interest  upon  their  capital  in  years  when  the  liquor 
trafHc  around  them  was  forbidden  and  abolished,  than  in 
years  when  the  liquor  traffic  was  permitted,  but  with  the 
same  financial  conditions  otherwise.  By  the  policy  of  the 
East  Tennessee  Land  Company  the  liquor  traffic  is  pro- 
hibited in  title  deeds,  and  saloons  can  never  be  ]:)ermitted, 
with  their  inevitable  influences  upon  labor  and  its  product. 
It  has  already  been  demonstrated  at  Harriman  that  the  best 
manufacturing  conditions  abound  where  sobriety  exists.  No 
class  of  workingmen  ever  is  so  profitable  to  its  employers 
as  the  class  which  can  come  and  does  come,  by  reason  of  its 
labor,  into  the  ownership  of  its  own  homes,  covets  per- 
manency of  employment,  strives  after  superiority,  and  seeks 
that  mutual  welfare  which  labor  and  capital  should  each 
assure  to  each.  Already  the  number  of  homes  owned  at 
Harriman  by  the  workingmen  employed  there  surpasses,  as 
is  believed,  that  of  any  other  town  of  like  jiopulation. 
PROFITABLE   INVESTMENT. 

Because  of  sober  labor,  working  at  its  best  and  producing 
the  largest  possible  output  upon  the  1)asis  of  ca]iital  em- 
ployed ;  because    of   raw    material    close  at  hand,   cheaply 

94 


accessible,  and  easily  commanded  at  the  lowest  possible 
cost  ;  and  because  of  the  co-operative  features,  insuring 
mutuality  of  effort,  manufacture  of  every  kind  must  be  re- 
duced at  Harriman  to  the  minimum  of  expense  ;  and  under 
the  practical  business  management  secured  for  each  con- 
cern, by  the  methods  which  have  been  outlined,  the  profits 
of  the  manufacturing  plants  at  Harriman  must  be  greater 
than  elsewhere  they  can  average  ;  and  by  reason  of  the  con- 
tract and  virtual  guarantee  already  mentioned,  it  is  certain 
that  the  stock  of  the  Harriman  Manufacturing  Company 
will  pay  fair  dividends  during  the  first  years  when  industries 
are  becoming  established.  It  is  equally  certain  from  the 
conditions  referred  to,  that  said  stock  will  constantly  grow 
in  its  dividend-paying  capacity,  and  that  all  who  invest  in  it 
will  find  their  investment  of  steadily  increasing  value. 
There  seems  no  reason  why  the  Harriman  Manufacturing 
Company  shall  not  become  one  of  the  most  extensive  and 
most  profitable  of  all  the  industrial  enterprises  which  have 
taken  root  in  the  South,  or  which  have  been  presented  to  the 
public  for  general  subscription  ;  and  the  Management  cor- 
dially invite  the  most  scrutinizing  examination  of  Harri- 
man's  industries,  and  of  the  methods  of  this  Company,  by 
all  who  seek  investment. 

Of  the  remainder  of  the  $1,000,000  of  stock  untaken, 
$250,000  is  now  otfercd  for  sale  at  par.  Shares  are  $50  each 
and  where  five  or  more  shares  are  ordered  at  any  one  time, 
twenty  jier  cent,  payment  may  be  made  down,  the  balance 
being  i)ayable  in  monthly  installments  of  like  amt^unt.  It 
should  be  clearly  umlerstood  that  this  stock,  unlike  the 
industrial  stticks  generally  ottered  and  liberally  taken,  is  of 
uniform  value  <///</  advanUige  ! 


A.   A.   HOPKINS. 


OUU    HARRIMAN. 


(Air — "Watch  on  the  Rliirn.") 
Lift  11])  your  voice  in  glad  acclaim. 

O  ye  who  gather  here  to-day, 
And  echo  every  heart  the  name 

To  wliich  we  loving  trilmte  pay. 

f)  llarrimaii,  dear  Harrinian  ! 

May  peace  be  tiiine,  forever  tliinc  I 
Brave  liearts,  and  true,  in  love  thy  ways  defend, 

While  lu-aven's  blessings  on  thy  homes  dt-scend. 

Here  lield  and  forest  waited  long 

The  music  of  the  hammer's  ring. 
The  thrill  of  Labor's  cheerful  song. 

And  bounty  that  the  years  might  bring. 

O   Ilarriinan.  dear  llarriman  ! 

Thy  mountains  look  with  pride  on  tliee  ; 
Ih)pe,  faith  and  courage  here  have  builded  well. 

Long  may  their  faith  and  works  thy  people  tell  ! 

Here  loyal  hearts  and  willing  hands 

Have  lifted  high  their  banners  brave. 
And  heeding  Love's  divine  commands 

Have  sought  the  tempted  soul  to  save. 

O  llarriman,  glad  llarriman  ! 

Thy  b;inners  wave  till  o'er  the  world 
Manhood  shall  stand  in  faith  for  God  and  Right, 

And  Lovi'  shall  rule  the  land  with  Lo\e's  own  might 

tt  llarriman,  young  llarriman. 

Grow  strong  and  bold  through  all  the  ye.ir^. 
As  if  within  thy  pulses  ran 

The  blooil  oi    thine  own  pioneers. 

(•  llarriman.  our  llarriman! 

The  skies  abo\  e  in  blessings  beml  : 
Heav'n  hear  Hie  jT.iyer  forihee  that  each  'learl  lifts, 

,\iiil  till  thy  future  with  its  choicest  gifts. 
97 


East     Tenpessee       Liand     Conopapy 
HARRIMAN,    TENN. 


OFFICERS: 

A.    W.    WACiXAI.I.S.    rrosidcnt. 

JOHN    llol'l- \Vi:[,L.  JK..  First  Vice-President. 

I'Rl'.DKRICK   (iATES.   Second  Vice-President. 
W.    11.    RrSSKT.L.  (General  Manager. 
A.  A.   IIOPKIXS.  Secretary. 

j.   I).  \V()I.sri-:XII()I.I\IK.  Treasurer. 

(iFX).    W.    KASLKV.  (jeneral  Counsel. 

DIRECTORS: 

I.   r,.   IlOllliS.  J'"l^    HOPEWELL.  jK. 

A.  W.  WAGNALLS.  J-    H-   WHTTMORE. 

E.  SCHUMACHER.  J-  ^-   SNOW. 

L.  S.  FREEMAN.  "•  ^I-  WINSLOW. 

FREDERICK  f;ATES.  ^VM.  Sit A-l'RWOr  n  ). 

\v.  n.  Kissii  I .  i:.  M.  <.()(.i»Ai,i.. 

A.   A.    IIOl'KIXS. 
98 


Harrinoan     |VIcinu?ac  taring    Conopany 
HARRIMAN.  TENN- 


OFFICERS: 

JdllX   II()l'i:\\  II.I.,    |k..    I'lvsi.lom. 

FKRI).    SCIllMAi  IlKR.     Xicr-l'rcsidciit. 
W.    II.    KLSSKLL.  (;ciii':al  Man;i«^rc-r. 

J.    \).    \\(  »l>ri.XII(  tL.Mi:.     Ircasiirer. 
A.    A     1  li  i|'K  IN'^    Secretary. 

DIRECTORS: 

|(iii\  I  Iiii'iwKi.i..  Jk.  1-'i:ki).  SriiiMMiiik. 

I'KI' |)l' KK  K    (  i  A  1  KS.  A.    W  .    W    \t;N\l.l>. 

W.     II,    Rl^S|.|.I..  A.    A.     llolKINv 

).     1).    Kdl'.KklS.  |.     I'.    \\  Ml  s|  I  Miol  MK. 

1.  II.    WllllMitKI 


Tin:    IIARRIMAN    lUTLDlXi;    AND 
LOW    ASSOCIATIOX. 


CAPITAL,    $1,000,000. 

Operates    as    a     bocal    Building   Association   or 
Cooperative    B^ank. 

Its  funds  are  loaned  on  Improved  Harriman 
Real  Estate,  no  Loan  exceeding-  60  per  cent,  of  the 
value  of  the  security. 

Loans  are  paid  oH  in  nionthh  installments,  so 
that  the  risk  of  the  Association  is  being  constantl\- 
decreased. 

The  Association  has  declared  three  semi-annual 
dividends  of  9  per  c(mt.  each,  or  at  the  rate  of  iS 
per  cent,  per  annum.  There  is  every  reason  to  be- 
licvi-  that  future  earnings  will  be  even  more  satis- 
iactor}'. 

A  limited  amount  of  stock  is  still  for  sale. 

Address  for  further  particulars, 

iiAkkiM.w  idii.mx*.  .wn  loan  a\m)C1ati()N, 

HARRIMAN,    TENN. 


The  Cumberland  Plateau 

TO  BE  OPENED. 

Arrani^eiiUMits  liave  been  made  for  openini^^  the  \  asl  ler- 
ritory  i)f  tlu'  East  Tennessee  Land  ( 'luiipany.  npiMi  the  C'liiii- 
herlantl  Platean.  hy  tlie  nndersii^ncd. 

FOR    A   CLIMATE   UNSURPASSED, 

FOR   A   HEALTHFUL   HOME. 

FOR   DELIGHTFUL  SCENERY, 

GO  TO  THIS   WONDERFUL  SECTION. 

l-.iniis.    (lanli-n    Spots,    Town     I. (its    in    Dci-rmnm,    cti'.,    for    Sale. 
()]ilinmiiiitii'>  tni-   hi vL"-t incut. 

.\C.KNIS  WWIKI)  i:\  I  U\  U  (IKKK  IN    IHK  N<tKnil.K\  >l MKS. 
ADDRESS 

('rMi'.i:Ki..\\i)    ri..\iT..\r    i\irix()\i:\ii:\T   co.. 

HARRIMAN,    TENN. 


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